Introduction
King Buwanekabahu IV, who ascended the throne in 1341 CE, was one of the earliest rulers of the Gampola Kingdom. He ruled for ten years until 1351 CE and is remembered in history as the pioneer who shifted the capital of Sri Lanka from cities like Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, and Kurunegala to Gampola. His reign marks the beginning of the Gampola era.
Selection of Gampola as Capital
Gampola, which was previously a sub-town, was chosen by King Buwanekabahu IV as his capital for several reasons. Its location in a plain surrounded by several mountains, its position at a junction of the Sri Pada route, and its situation in the valley through which the Mahaweli River flows were the main factors. This strategic location was important for defense, as well as for trade and transportation. With Gampola becoming the capital in 1341 CE, the political center of the country shifted further to the southwest.
Contemporary Political Situation
During the reign of King Buwanekabahu IV, powerful families were emerging in various parts of the country. Prince Parakramabahu V, the king’s brother, governed Dedigama in the Kegalle District. Additionally, an aristocratic lineage known as Alakeshwara had become powerful in the Raigama area of the Kalutara District. Another prominent family, the Senadhilankara Senevirath family, maintained close ties with the Gampola royal family. This era can be characterized as a period when these powerful families directly influenced state administration and politics.
History of Capital Shifts
In Sri Lankan history, the frequent shifting of the capital was common. King Buwanekabahu IV moving the capital from Kurunegala to Gampola was another step in this long process. Previously, King Buwanekabahu I had moved the capital from Dambadeniya to Yapahuwa, and King Buwanekabahu II brought the capital from Yapahuwa Fortress to Kurunegala.
End of the Reign
King Buwanekabahu IV successfully ruled until 1351 CE. After his demise, his brother, King Parakramabahu V, ascended the Gampola throne. King Buwanekabahu IV is celebrated as a pioneering ruler who initiated the Gampola era in Sri Lankan history.